With other countries including Japan and India and even private entrepreneurs weighing missions to the planet, NASA is opting to launch two missions later this decade to study the planet’s geology and whether it could harbor life in its thick clouds.

Lockheed Martin plans to launch the spacecraft toward the end of this decade and operate both under NASA’s evolving public-private partnership model, similar to its plans to return astronauts to the moon later this decade. A predecessor to the company built the spacecraft used on the Magellan mission to map Venus in 1989.

Plans for the two programs come as NASA builds on the political and public capital from a renaissance in space exploration. It has celebrated the successful launch of U.S. astronauts on domestic rockets for the first time in more than a decade and the landing of the Perseverance rover on Mars.

“We’re ushering in a new decade of Venus to understand how an Earthlike planet can become a hothouse,” said

Thomas Zurbuchen,

NASA’s associate administrator for science.

Venus had been on the backburner for space exploration for years before a resurgence in interest capped last fall by the discovery of a molecule of phosphine gas in the atmosphere that some scientists said could be produced by microbes.

NASA has continued to fund some Venus-related research, including experiments to develop instruments that could work on the planet’s scorching surface. It also supported a public contest to design a Venus rover for some future mission.

Write to Doug Cameron at doug.cameron@wsj.com