Using the wrong drill bit on your workpiece can create rough holes, cause overheating, or otherwise damage the material and bit. Discover three differences between drill bits for wood and metal.
Drill bits for wood are typically made from high-speed steel (HSS) or carbon steel. Drill bits for metal can be made from the same materials, but they can also be made from harder alloys, such as cobalt or carbide, for greater strength.
Both wood and metal drill bits can have performance-enhancing coatings, although the coatings are more common on metal drill bits. Metal drill bits often have a black or gold finish because they’re coated with titanium nitride or black oxide. The coatings improve heat resistance to protect the tool and help it last longer.
Another difference between drill bits for wood and metal is the tool’s shape. Wood drill bits have a sharper tip in the center that helps keep the device stable and avoid wandering.
In contrast, metal drill bits have a tip with an angle that’s typically between 118 degrees and 135 degrees. The blunter end helps the drill bit grind more evenly through hard metal.
Twist bits are the most common type of drill bit used in wood, plastic, and light metal applications, but drill bits come in many shapes. Still, drill bits for wood generally have a characteristically pointier tip.
Of course, the greatest difference between wood and metal drill bits is their capability to drill through different materials. Understanding which materials your bit is made for can help you choose the right tool every time, such as deciding when to use spade bits vs. core bits.
A wood drill bit can often drill through wood and plastic, but it will quickly dull when cutting metal. Generally, you can use a metal drill bit on wood, but the bit will create a rougher hole. It’s also easier to splinter the wooden workpiece when using a metal drill bit rather than the appropriate tool.
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